Foraging: Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)

Foraging: Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)

by | Aug 3, 2025 | Foraging

Foraging Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)

Autumn is my favourite foraging time. The seeds are ripening, the nuts are swelling, and mushrooms are making their elusive appearances. Even when things have seemingly died off, one can dig for roots and rhizomes below ground. 

 

Evening Primrose is a great autumn crop for foragers. The tall, lanky stalk with the large, somewhat ghostly, pale yellow flowers is a familiar sight. Yet its true beauty is revealed at night when the flowers open fully and their subtle scent perfumes the air. 

 

Habitat

Evening Primroses are not particularly fussy. They are happy with poor, sandy soil as long as it gets enough sun. Waste grounds, railway track embankments, neglected corners of the yard all provide a happy habitat for them. 

Edible parts:

All parts of the Evening Primrose are edible.

Leaves:

Evening primrose is biennial, forming a rosette in the first year and the stalk and flowers in the second year. The leaves of both the first and the second year's growth can be cooked or used fresh - but they are a bit hairy, and may not be to everyone's liking. Try a small amount first to see if you like the flavour, or mix them with other herbs.

Flowers:

Evening Primrose has a long flowering season, from June to September. The early flowers only open in the evenings, exuding a beautiful, sweet scent. Later, they open during the day as well. The flowers are mildly sweet-tasting and can be used to decorate salads. Or try the buds before they open in stir-fries and such.

Seeds:

The seed pods ripen in the autumn. The elongated capsules contain quite a lot of tiny seeds. But if you think you might be able to press your own Evening  Primrose Oil, I'll have to disappoint you. The seeds are minuscule. It would require a ton of them to make the endeavour worthwhile. And, what's more, the pressure needed to press the seeds is so great that it would produce a lot of heat, which would destroy the beneficial properties of the oil. Try using them like poppy seeds instead. But don't expect to get a lot of nutritional value from them. The amounts typically used in cooking and baking are too small for that. Grind the seeds before adding them to your recipes to release the oil. Left whole, they would simply pass straight through the digestive system without leaving a trace of their nutritional benefits.

Read more about the medicinal properties of Evening Primrose Oil

 

 

Roots:

The roots are perhaps most interesting for the forager. But remember that only the first years' root is used, which is easily identifiable by its distinctive rosette, before the stalk begins to push up. The flowering shoot does not form until the spring of the second year. By this time, it would be too late to dig for the root. But, look around the ground near a stand of second-year plants, and you will soon spot some yearlings. It can be hard work to dig up the long reddish taproot unless the soil is very light. But they make an unusual root vegetable for bakes and stews with a slightly peppery taste, reminiscent of black salsify.

Evening Primrose rosette
Evening Primrose root

Recipes

Roasted Winter Vegetables

  • Carrots
  • Potatoes
  • Parsnips
  • Evening Primrose Roots
  • Large onion
  • Garlic

Clean and peel/scrub vegetables well. Cut into 2" chunks. Coat with olive oil and salt. Keep them separate and sprinkle with spices (e.g. sprinkle the parsnips with curry, the carrots with coriander seed powder and the potatoes and evening primrose roots with Chinese 5 spice mix).

 

Quarter the onion. Separate the garlic into cloves, no need to peel. Preheat the oven to about 425 °F

Place all ingredients on a baking tray and bake for about 30 - 50 minutes on a high shelf. (cooking time depends on the size of the vegetable chunks - check regularly)

 

You can add a few sprigs of fresh sage and rosemary towards the end for additional flavour. (Putting them in at the beginning would burn them)

 

Evening Primrose Fritters

Not suitable for 'fat-free' fans, but delicious nonetheless.

 

Prepare a standard batter:

  • 2 eggs
  • ½ cup milk
  • 1 cup flour
  • 1 TSP baking powder
  • 1 TSP salt
  • 1 TSP oil

 

Cut the Evening Primrose root into long pieces, not too thick, and dip each piece into the batter.

Fry in very hot oil until golden brown.

A deep-fryer works best, but if you don't have one, pan-frying will do.

 

Evening Primrose Patties

Cook the Evening Primrose roots until tender (you might want to blend with other root vegetables).

Mash with butter, stir in one egg and a little flour and/or oats to make a sticky dough.

Season to taste. Form little patties and pan-fry on each side until golden brown.

Shop for Evening Primrose oil at Starwest Botanicals. (Affiliate link)

Foraging Wild Asparagus

Foraging Wild Asparagus

by | Mar 22, 2025 | Foraging

Foraging Wild Asparagus - A Forager's Treasure Hunt

Spring is underway, bringing with it its characteristic mixed-bag weather patterns. In some regions, winter stubbornly clings; in others, it's long forgotten. Where I am, it has not quite sprung, but regardless, there are signs of its imminent arrival. Wild asparagus is sending up its tender shoots, and they are ready for the picking.

While cultivated asparagus typically debuts in May, the wild variety emerges earlier, rewarding keen-eyed foragers with its tender, flavourful spears. Unlike other foraging activities, hunting for wild asparagus is an experience akin to mushroom picking. It requires patience, a trained eye, and a knack for spotting the elusive spears hidden among the prickly thickets of its parent plant and dense undergrowth. Many aspiring foragers walk right past them, oblivious to their presence, until the shoots bolt and become too woody to enjoy as food. But once you develop a sense of the season and get to know their elusive hiding spots, foraging for wild asparagus becomes a thrilling treasure hunt that can lead you to unexpected places.

 

Where to Find Wild Asparagus

Wild asparagus thrives in a variety of habitats, depending on the species. It favours well-drained soil and typically grows in ditches, riverbanks, and alluvial plains where moisture is abundant but not stagnant. Most species prefer full sun, but some can tolerate semi-shaded areas and heavier soils.

Although its appearance is distinctive, wild asparagus can be tricky to spot. Foraging legend Euell Gibbons, in his classic book Stalking the Wild Asparagus, offers a useful tip: look for last season’s dead asparagus brush, which often serves as a clue to the presence of fresh spears. This method works well for the tall, upright-growing variety, which is often an "escaped" garden asparagus. But, true wild asparagus, Asparagus acutifolius, a native of the Mediterranean Basin, presents a greater challenge. It has a scrambling growth habit, weaving through undergrowth or along the ground. It takes a trained eye to spot the sneaky, snaky spears as they pop through the thicket of older plants.

Foraging Wild Asparagus

The History of Wild Asparagus

Wild asparagus is most commonly found in southern Europe, particularly in Spain, Italy, and France. Escaped cultivated asparagus is also found in northern regions, particularly near historical centres of their cultivation. Birds play a key role in dispersing their seeds, aiding their spread far beyond their original habitat.

Asparagus has an ancient history, with records indicating its use in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The Romans likely introduced it to Northern Europe, where it became a sought-after delicacy thought fit for kings but not peasants. Old herbals praise asparagus not only as a culinary delight, but also as a medicinal plant, valued for its diuretic and cleansing properties.

Nutritional and Medicinal Benefits

Though wild asparagus is no longer widely used medicinally, its health benefits are worth mentioning. Asparagus, wild or cultivated, is a potent diuretic. It stimulates the kidney and liver function while helping to eliminate toxins. Just what the doctor calls for as a spring tonic. It is also rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fibre, but if too much is consumed, it can rob the body of calcium. (Not a worry for wild asparagus - it is unlikely we will ever find enough of it to cause any such deficits in the body.)

Traditionally, asparagus has been associated with aphrodisiac qualities—a claim that may be linked as much to its suggestive appearance as to any actual physiological effects. But the only way to know for sure is to put it to the test!

 

 

Wild Asparagus HarvestHow to Prepare Wild Asparagus

Wild asparagus, particularly the escaped variety, is more slender, tender, and subtly flavoured than its cultivated counterpart. Because of its delicate nature, it requires minimal cooking. Simply trim off the woody ends and lightly sauté the spears or throw them into the pot for the last couple of minutes. They make a delicious addition to omelettes, pasta dishes, and risotto. For a simple, yet divine 'bonne bouche', try drizzling them with lemon juice and garlic butter.

 

Final Thoughts

Foraging for wild asparagus is more than just a way to enjoy a seasonal delicacy—it’s an adventure that deepens your connection with nature. Whether you’re an experienced forager or a curious beginner, the thrill of discovering these hidden treasures makes every spring outing an experience to remember. So, the next time you find yourself wandering through the countryside, keep an eye out for the elusive spears—you might just stumble upon one of nature’s greatest spring delights.

Spring Equinox

Spring Equinox

by | Mar 21, 2025 | Seasons

Spring Equinox is here, and it is time to ponder the miraculous power of regeneration. Persephone has returned to the upper world and life re-awakens. Buds swell, birds sing, and trees burst into flower. There is joy and exuberance - despite the craziness, suffering and sorrow we witness every day.

At the Spring Equinox, light and dark hang in the balance. From now on, the sun gathers strength with every passing day. Mother Earth, violated and marred by war, yet again, dons her spring garment and gradually turns the land lush and green.

Spring Equinox - Focus on what matters most

The garden calls, and the soil eagerly receives the seeds. Are you tending your garden? What will you grow this season? Where is your energy going and what habits will you cultivate?

The garden is a physical space, as well as a metaphorical one. The inner 'garden' also needs attentive care, weeding, pruning and nurturing.

At home, it is time to clear out the winter dust. Spring-cleaning, painting, and decorating are on the agenda.

Likewise, the body also needs cleansing and care. Boost your energy and vital spirit with fresh vitamins and the nutrients of early spring herbs. When the body is strong, so is the mind!

 

Spring Equinox - Celebrate life

Get ready for the season, invite the sunshine in, and make the most of these fleeting joys! Life becomes infinitely rich when we walk mindfully and celebrate each flower or butterfly we meet along the way.

Focus on what matters most to you and make your intentions clear. Life is short and precious. The power to make your garden flourish lies in your hands. Use it.

The Spring Equinox is a time of new beginnings. Let's celebrate the mysteries of rejuvenation and eternal return, tender yet charged with the energy of daring and boldness. 

Rosemary – Rosmarinus officinalis

Rosemary – Rosmarinus officinalis

by | Feb 1, 2025 | Plant Profiles

Most of us know this woody, aromatic bush as a culinary herb, but in fact, Rosemary is so much more than that. It has some quite remarkable properties that are well worth remembering.

As a kitchen herb, Rosemary is an old stand-by: Rosemary potatoes, Rosemary chicken, Rosemary salt, Rosemary lamb, or Rosemary fish are all familiar menu items.  The needle-like leaves have a highly aromatic, somewhat medicinal scent. The flavour is distinctive, somewhat bitter, and resinous, which perfectly complements fatty foods. It ‘cuts through’ the grease. This is why it is used to flavor greasy meat and fish dishes and to aid digestion. Rosemary acts as a token apology to the liver.

Rosemary, which has long been known as Rosmarinus officinalis, was recently assigned to the Genus 'Salvia'. That means, it is botanically grouped with the sages. However, the old name is still acceptable, but keep the name change in mind to avoid confusion.

Although it is an herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), its thin, spiky leaves lend it the appearance of some kind of dwarf conifer. Rosemary is at home in the semi-arid climate zone of the Mediterranean coastal region. It commonly grows in the garrigue, the shrubland that covers the lower hills. Its scientific name - 'rosmarinus' means 'Dew of the Sea'. It indicates that this herb likes to be 'kissed' by the salty mist coming in from the sea. Others have suggested that the name perhaps alludes to the light blue flowers. A bush that is profusely covered in flowers has the appearance of sea foam on the crest of a wave. Thus, Rosemary has also been linked to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite, who was born from the foam of the sea.

In the Mediterranean, it is one of the earliest flowers to appear in the New Year. Its pale blue flowers blush the wild coastal hillsides, spreading an aromatic scent that awakens the sleepy bees. Rich in nectar, Rosemary is one of their first sources of nourishment. The highly aromatic Rosemary honey is sold at local markets as a highly prized regional specialty.

Rosemary's intense fragrance and aromatic flavor are due to essential oils, which are obtained not from the flowers, but from the needle-like leaves. As a key ingredient of the ever-useful herb blend known as  ‘Herbes de Provençe' it is a quintessential item on the herb shelf.

Rosemary bush

Medicinal uses of Rosemary

This essential oil is also responsible for its medicinal properties. Rosemary oil stimulates blood circulation, particularly to the head. It has a beneficial effect on memory. In herbal lore, this property is associated with the remembrance of loved ones, and friends, and those who have recently passed away.

Rosemary’s bitter principle aids digestion. It 'warms' the stomach and stimulates the liver and gallbladder. It helps the body to break down fats and improve digestion.

It also shows anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Externally, a Rosemary infusion can be used to cleanse badly healing wounds.

Cooking with Rosemary

Rosemary goes great with roasts - whether you are roasting a goose, lamb chops, or a pan full of root vegetables, a sprig of rosemary transforms the dish and adds a complex, slightly bitter and highly aromatic flavor.

Purification

Rosemary has also long been used as incense, particularly in combination with Juniper berries. This tradition has continued into modern times. It is still sometimes used to fumigate and purify the air in a patient's room. It is also popular as a cleansing aromatic that is used in sauna infusions, or to scent bath oils and soaps.

Restorative

Rosemary’ is a tonic and restorative. Its stimulating action on the blood circulation and coronary function and can restore vitality and strength to convalescents or feeble children. In the past it was also used as an aphrodisiac that had the reputation to restore a dwindling manhood. Recent research has shown that Rosemary contains

Cosmetics

Rosemary can be added to home-made shampoos or hair rinses. It will stimulate the follicles and promote hair growth. In the ‘still room,’ its essence would have been added to skin tonics, lotions, and oils.

Rosemary Hair Rinse

The simplest way to let your hair benefit from the tonic power of Rosemary is to simply make a strong infusion of 1 tablespoon of dried rosemary leaves to 500 ml of water - infuse with boiling water and steep until it has cooled down, strain and massage into the scalp. Leave it for a few minutes, then rinse it out. It is best when prepared fresh, but it will keep for a few days in the fridge.

Rosemary Shampoo

Unscented shampoo bases are readily available at many stores these days. Get one you like and add a few drops of Rosemary Essential Oil to it.

Recommended for brown or dark hair as it will naturally darken the hair over time.

Foraging Chickweed

Foraging Chickweed

by | Feb 1, 2025 | Foraging

Chickweed (Stellaria media)

Once winter has settled in, foraging has come to a standstill. We have to rely on previously gathered supplies. Except, if you are lucky enough to live in a temperate climate zone, there may be at least one herb that defies the elements. You might have spotted it in your veggie plot: a little sprawling herb with heart-shaped leaves and star-shaped flowers that belongs to the Pink family known as Chickweed.

Chickweed is fairly hardy. It defies the elements and can pop up early in the year when other herbs are still asleep. 

 

Chickweed is one of those herbs that gardeners love to hate. They try everything to get rid of this persistent 'weed' that pops up anywhere humans have toiled to cultivate the ground. It is only natural. 

 

Chickweed is one of those herbs that blush at bare soil and quickly spread out to cover mother earth's nakedness. Chickweed binds the soil, prevents it from washing away and drying out - the consequences of standard gardening practices. 

 

Alas, as soon as this little healer herb appears, gardeners grit their teeth and start a crusade. How dare this audacious herb invade their plot?

 

But instead of battling it, you could welcome it as a gift. Chickweed is a blessing, not just for the earth but also for us. It is rich in chlorophyll, minerals, and vitamins that are sorely needed at this time of the year. And all we have to do is clip its tender tops. 

 

Chickweed has a mild flavour and is incredibly versatile. It can be used like alfalfa to garnish sandwiches, soups, and salads. It can also be incorporated into omelets, fillings, sauces, dumplings, or quiches - the possibilities are endless. But it should always be used fresh and finely minced, as the stems can be somewhat stringy. When cooking with Chickweed, bear in mind that it cooks down to practically nothing in no time at all, so just add it at the last moment and don't cook it for long. Overcooking would only diminish its benefits.

 

Chickweed also offers some valuable medicinal properties. The old herbalists describe its effect as cooling and soothing. They used it as an expectorant for afflictions of the upper respiratory tract, like an irritable cough. The same cooling and soothing properties also calm inflamed sores, rashes, itchy skin conditions, and burns. Traditional herbalists used it to make ointments and poultices for treating eczemas, boils, and abscesses.

 

Sometimes it is made into a tincture, but fresh works best. If you want to concentrate its effect, it can be juiced. But it does not keep very long. It can be frozen, but that will diminish some of its goodness. 

 

Warning: some people have reported allergic reactions to Chickweed collected from chalky soil. Like many other members of the Pink family, Chickweed contains saponins, and these can be toxic in large quantities.